Всеобщая история

The article examines the relationship between France and Hamburg in the early 19th century, the experience of E. Mortier’s first occupation of the free city-state, as well as methods of circumventing the continental blockade regime of Napoleon Bonaparte by Hamburg residents. The conclusion is made about the natural flourishing of smuggling among the poor of Hamburg against the background of the ruinous policy of Napoleonic Paris in relation to the free city-state.

The article, using materials from official government documents, as well as the American and British press and political journalism, analyzes the process of gradual change in the mood of Virginian society in the mid-18th century. It is shown that the process of formation of the political identity of the Virginian population was largely caused by changes in the nature of the relationship between the colony and the metropolis after the end of the French and Indian War of 1754–1763.

The article analyzes the main aspects of the historical and philosophical concept of I. A. Fessler. His views on the position of historical science in relation to other types of knowledge and forms of spiritual culture, the problematic of historical fact and truth, the concept of reliability and plausibility, the nature of knowledge, the driving forces of the historical process, the profession of a historian, the relationship between the author and the reader are considered.

The article shows the development of the idea and institution of standing army in Great Britain of the Stuart age. On the example of English militarization the process of formation of the military-fiscal state in the British Isles is shown. The main political event that led to the creation of a regular army was the Civil War. The navy was spawned by the confrontation with the United Provinces and France. It is concluded that the process of militarization of seventeenth-century England was an important part of state policy, both of the Crown and of its opponents.

The article is devoted to the problem of the marriage policy of the French royal house in the first quarter of the 16th century. The author identifies the political and dynastic reasons for the conclusion of princely marriages, the motives for choosing a marriage strategy.

The article examines how Anglo-Norman chroniclers of the first half of the 12th century wrote about condemned male and female behavior. The subject of study is the works of the most significant historians of the era – William of Malmesbury, John of Worcester, Henry of Huntingdon and Orderic Vitalis.

The article analyzes the First Philippic against Mark Antony as a source that reveals both certain biographical circumstances in the life of Cicero, and his ideas and ideals related to the behavior of a politician. An analysis of the First Philippic as a political action, similar to the one that Cicero performed at the beginning of his career in his speech “Pro Roscio Amerino”, allows us to consider his relationship with Mark Antony in dynamics and to find out how the Philippics correlate with Cicero‘s ideas about politics accredited.