Всеобщая история

The article is devoted to the study of the evolution of the International Monetary Fund under the influence of various international interests, primarily the political elite of the United States. The main focus is on analyzing the IMF reform process and the impact of various American administrations on it. The assumption is substantiated that D. Trump’s return will not terminate the US membership in the fund, he will try to adapt it to solving his strategic tasks.

The article attempts to analyze the materials of Western travelogues concerning the events in Iran in 1905–1911, which became a powerful ideological factor in the domestic political life of the country, for the first time so powerfully and obviously faced with the influence of Western ideas, the central part of which were the representative form of government, the constitution and the institution of the Majlis. It is no coincidence that these events were called the “Iranian awakening” (рers. bidari-ye irani) in ideological terms and the “constitutional movement” (рers.

On the basis of archival materials and published documents the article deals with the polemics between Hendrik de Man and Karl Kautsky onthe problem of psychology of socialism in 1926–1927. It is shownthatthis ideological dispute was connected withthe generaltendency in German and international social democracy to move away from Marxism towards ideological pluralism.

Based on the analysis of the preservedmaterials of the judicial and investigative cases the article examines the state of crime in Munster in XVII century. The author analyzes the structure of crime depending on the prevalence of acts in judicial practice, and also examines the socioprofessional composition of criminals.

The article examines the early history of the Bohemian city of Hradec Kralove, traces the origins of its medieval development, and identifies the features of the historical path traversed by the city in the 13th – 14th centuries. The causes and consequences of the transformation of Hradec Kralove into the residence of the dowager queens of the Bohemia are determined.

The article examines the problem of the development of mendicant orders in Central Europe, mainly in Croatia, Slavonia and Bosnia. The author suggests that the activities of the mendicant orders in the 13th century became one of the most impressive achievements of the Roman Papacy in the Middle Ages. In particular, the Franciscans were able not only to adapt to living conditions in different regions of Italy, but also rapidly established their presence throughout Europe and then beyond.

The article examines the place of aliens in the economy and society of 14th-century London. Based on a wide range of sources and research literature, the author identifies the main groups of foreign trading partners of the English capital and the attitude of municipal society towards them, traces the history of the City’s struggle to maintain its privileges in relations with aliens in the 14th century, and characterizes the changes in the economic situation against the backdrop of the developing confrontation.

The article presents and analyzes information from letters of missionaries of the Franciscan Order Guillaume de Rubruk, Giovanni Montecorvino and Monk Johanka, as well as notes and treatises of a missionary from the Dominican Order Ricoldo da Montecroce, about Nestorians in the Genghisid states. The author comes to the conclusion about the value of the works of these authors as sources on the history of Nestorianism, which contain data on the doctrine and religious practice of the followers of East Syrian Christianity and their relations with Catholic missionaries.

The article examines the image of the king of Great Armenia Tigran II the Great in the work of the “Father of Armenian historiography” Movses Khorenatsi “History of Armenia”. When writing the chapters dedicated to Tigran II, Movses relied primarily on the writings of Josephus, as well as two “Chronicles” – Julius Africanus and Eusebius of Caesarea. At the same time, he filled in the lack of information with the help of legendary material and fictitious details.

The article is devoted to the activities of Q. Caecilius Metellus Pius Scipio Nasica, one of the most noble Romans of the late Republic, who played a significant role in the events of the civil war of 49–45 B. C. The aspect of biography connected with testamentary adoption, the legal force of which is disputed in historiography, is analysed separately. Further the political career of Metellus Scipio is considered, in particular, the positions held and rapprochement with Gn. Pompey Magnus.