Всеобщая история

The article is devoted to the study of the reasons of the post-Soviet Caspian states’ refusal to use the «Turkish model» for their own economic and political development. It also analyzes the American attitude towards the countries of the region after the rejection of the concept of the «Turkish model of development» and the Caspian region states’ foreign policies in 1992–1993.

This article studies the role of entertainment in leisure of Americans in 1930s. It attempts to analyze the reasons for changes in the lifestyles of Americans during Great Depression and to investigate the factor which can explain the extraordinary popularity of film industry among different layers of American society.

The author focuses on the lighting the reign of Ivan IV the Terrible by P.-Sh. Leveque on the pages of his «Russian History». Leveque was the first of the French historians who have tried to not only to give a critical assessment of the era, but also have tried to make an objective look at on the personality of the Russian autocrat of the XVI century.

The arms and armour of the Byzantine warriors are studied in the article as it was shown by David Nicolle, a well known English historian of medieval history.

In the article the intelligent monk’s opions at the wanders and his relation to the miraculous paperties of the relics are researched. The functions of relics are tracked in the landmark for understanding the wonders of the era. The research is based on a new, not put into domestic circulation medievalism material autobiography Guibert of Nogent.

The article is the attempt to analyze the description of the «common crusade», which was written by a member of the First Crusade in his chronicle «The Deeds of the Franks and the other pilgrims to Jerusalem». Comparing a description of the «common crusade» with the descriptions of the other events in the text, it could be possible to make a conclusion, that anonymous author considers members of the «common crusade» as a part of the Crusaders’ army.

In the current article the author allots a task to observe several plots from Dark Age Scandinavian history using the «new tools» of historian – researching the weather conditions, climate changes and natural cataclysms happened in the past. The main aim is the uncovering of possible connection between wide-known «volcanic winter» of 535–536 A.D., the development of herulic power in Middle Sweden (in the vaster territories later) and the emergence of Ragnarok myth concerned with the mindset changes.

The article is devoted to the investigation of western researchers’ views on the extent and causes of the famine 1921–1922 in the Volga region. It also takes into consideration their assessments of the factors that prompted the Soviet government to apply Western countries for humanitarian aid.