Отечественная история

The article is devoted to the history of formation of medical microbiology in Tsarist Russia. Since 1885 the first enthusiasts of «germ theory» in Russia with supporting of science patrons began to develop it in Odessa and St. Petersburg. The particular international type of scientific culture, which was embodied in the activity of bacteriological laboratories, is formed, but it had the local peculiarities. The microorganisms’ investigations in Russia at the end of 1880s were far from the interests of physicians.

Clause is devoted to analysis of the various points of view on necessity of war with Turkey, and also critical estimations of Russian army and readness of Russia for operations. The author consides positions of various representatives of Russian society – historians D.I. Ilovajskogo, M.P. Dragomanova; the representative of high society of prince V.P. Meshcherskogo.

The First World War in the mass consciousness of the Russians is still forgotten. The Supreme commanders who did not bring glory to the Russian army in battles and the reasons of their invalidity as military leaders are unknown to the mass reader. The Supreme Commander of the North-West Front, Cavalry General J.G. Zshilinsky, is one of those people, who happened to become a hostage of the depraved system of promotion in the army, which had been formed in the Emperor’s Russia by the end of the 19-th century.

Research is devoted to development of municipal system of an elementary education in Saratov per 1871–1917. The author cites data about number of city elementary schools, quantity of pupils, school premises, structure of the teacher’s personnel, etc. Also in clause activity of the Saratov city duma and also its some members, in sphere of an elementary education is considered.

The article is dedicated to the memoir heritage of the Serbian war of 1876. The author considers the forming of the views of Russian society on the Balkan conflict and analyses memoirs of V.D. Palenov, A.N. Khvostov, V.P. Mescherskey, N.N. Durnovo. The memoirs represent the actions of Russian volunteers in the Serbian army, the volunteers’ heroism, and shows the concept of the war from ordinary soldiers’ point of view.

The article is dedicated to the memoir heritage of the Serbian war of 1876. The author considers the forming of the views of Russian society on the Balkan conflict and analyses memoirs of V.D. Palenov, A.N. Khvostov, V.P. Mescherskey, N.N. Durnovo. The memoirs represent the actions of Russian volunteers in the Serbian army, the volunteers’ heroism, and shows the concept of the war from ordinary soldiers’ point of view.

The ritual processes in Russia were the official reaction on ideological and religious crises in Empire. The scenarios of these processes indicated the negative image of «alien». Those «aliens» could be the Jews, sectarians or pagans, all distinguished from the system of official religious ideology.The testimonies adapted general scenario to the concrete process.

F.D. Roosevelt’s «New Deal» still stays among the favorite topics for Russian researchers. But the evolution in the approaches is absolutely clear: firstly the interest of the soviet historians was placed in the field of the pure science, but today we can establish the fact of the widening researcher’s range. First of all in this case we have to talk about the phenomenon of «Imperial Presidency» as a F.D. Roosevelt’s reforms result.

The article deals with the works of contemporary British historians who turned their attention to the economic aspects of the Reformation in England. The contemporary British historiography understands the Reformation primarily as a phenomenon of religious and political history that may be seen in the works of British conservative and liberal historians. At the same time some British historians of the second half of the 20th century (Ch. Hill, Ph. Hembry and F.

This article focuses on the conception of national security of Russian Federation in the context of forming Russian innovative society. The author studies knowledge of Russian political elite about character and main components of innovative regeneration of the country, the talk of state is identified. The problems of making new civilization level in Russia are also studied.