Izvestiya of Saratov University.

History. International Relations

ISSN 1819-4907 (Print)
ISSN 2542-1913 (Online)

For citation:

??? The «Turkish Model of Development» and the Reasons for its Failure for the post-Soviet Caspian Countries (1992–1993). Izvestiya of Saratov University. History. International Relations, 2011, vol. 11, iss. 1, pp. 87-91. DOI: 10.18500/1819-4907-2011-11-1-87-91

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC-BY 4.0).
Full text:
download
(downloads: 125)
Language: 
Russian
Heading: 
Всеобщая история
Article type: 
Article
UDC: 
[321:330.4](5–191.2+560)|19|
DOI: 
10.18500/1819-4907-2011-11-1-87-91

The «Turkish Model of Development» and the Reasons for its Failure for the post-Soviet Caspian Countries (1992–1993)

Abstract: 

The article is devoted to the study of the reasons of the post-Soviet Caspian states’ refusal to use the «Turkish model» for their own economic and political development. It also analyzes the American attitude towards the countries of the region after the rejection of the concept of the «Turkish model of development» and the Caspian region states’ foreign policies in 1992–1993.

Key words: 
Turkey
Turkish model of development
the Caspian region
Nagorno-Karabakh
Turgut Ozal
political and economic instability
American foreign policy
Russian foreign policy
Reference: 
  1. Clines F.X. Ethnic War in the Caucasus Finds New Depths of Carnage // The New York Times. 1992. March 8.
  2. Bonner R. War in Caucasus Shows Ethnic Hate’s Front Line // The New York Times. 1993. Aug. 2.
  3. Turkey warns Armenia of war // Boston Globe, St. Louis Post-Dispatch. 1993. Sept. 5.
  4. Russia Warns Iran on Azerbaijan // Associated Press, San Francisco Chronicle. 1993. Sept. 8.
  5. Schmemann S. Turkey Holds Talks on Caucasus War // The New York Times. 1993. Sept. 10.
  6. Hockstader L. Daily briefing: Azeri-Armenian War May Spread – Raging conflict threatens to draw in Russia, Turkey and Iran // Washington Post, San Francisco Chronicle. 1993. Sept. 17.
  7. Cowell A. Turgut Ozal, 66, Dies in Ankara: Pugnacious President of Turkey // The New York Times. 1993. April 18.
  8. Turkey’s president dies: Ozal’s Western ties helped modernize country // Telegram & Gazette-Worcester. 1993. April 18.
  9. Of pipedreams and hubble-bubbles: Caspian oil (struggle for control of oil resources under the Caspian Sea) // The Economist. 1995. March 25.
  10. См.: Жигалина О.И. Центральноазиатский макрорегион – перспективы и альтернативы политического и экономического сотрудничества // Восток. 1993. № 5. C. 171.
  11. World Bank Loans Decline To Developing Countries//Wall Street Journal. 1992. July 8.
  12. См.: Старченков Г. На перекрестке интересов России и Турции // Азия и Африка. 1993. № 5. C. 40.
  13. Knight R., Lief L. Fire, fury and nationalism // U.S. News & World Report. 1992. July 6.
  14. См.: Уляхин В.Н. С Россией или без? // Восток. 1993. № 6. C. 72.
  15. См.: Малашенко А.В. В поисках синтеза секуляризма и фундаментализма // Восток. 1993. № 6. C. 122.
  16. West J.R. Commonwealth of Independent States: Expanding the Definition of ‘Middle East’ // Washington Post, San Francisco Chronicle. 1992. Jan. 6; Englund W. Independence woes create nostalgia in Kyrgyzstan // Moscow Bureau, The Sun, Baltimore, Md. 1992. April 16.
  17. Rupert J. Federation and the Republics: Differing Views on New Commonwealth // Washington Post, San Francisco Chronicle. 1991. Dec. 16. P. A12.
  18. См.: Володарский М., Баазова Л. Центральноазиатские альтернативы: Россия, Иран и независимые государства Средней Азии после распада СССР (1990–1994) // Восток. 1997. № 1. С. 81.
  19. LeVine S. U.S. Seeks to End Russian Domination of the Caspian // The New York Times. 1999. Nov. 20.
  20. Erlanger S. 3 Slavic Ex-Soviet Lands to Press Economic Union // The New York Times. 1993. July 15.
  21. Володарский М., Баазова Л. Указ. соч. С. 81.
  22. Там же. С. 80.
  23. Centered Approach of U.S. May Help to Create Instability Later // Wall Street Journal. 1992. May 4.
  24. Rubinfien E. Russia Is Caught Up in Ethnic Brush Fires – Moscow, Without a Strategy, Reverts to Imperial Ways // Wall Street Journal. 1992. Oct. 29.
  25. Schmemann S. Oil but Not Order: A special report – War and Politics Clog Azerbaijan’s Road to Riches // The New York Times. 1993. July 9.
  26. См.: Мурадян А.А. Средняя Азия в системе международных отношений (по материалам межинститутского семинара) // Восток. 1993. № 5. C. 163. 
  27. Rupert J. Op. cit. P. A12.
  28. Rashid A. The new struggle in Central Asia: A primer for the baffled // World Policy Journal. 2000. Jan. 1.
  29. Bonner R. The world: Playing Dominoes in Central Asia: Why All Eyes Are on a Place Called Tajikistan // The New York Times. 1993. Nov. 7.
  30. Cowell A. Turkey Loses Its Allure as a Patron in Central Asian Nations // The New York Times. 1993. Aug. 4.
  31. Turkic delights: Central Asia – Turkey seeks to increase its influence in the Central Asian Republics// The Economist. 1995. June 17.
  32. Crossette B.U.S. Remains Moscowcentric on Once-Soviet Asia // The New York Times. 1992. May 31.
  33. Greenberger R.S. Turkey longs for respect, rewards from West // Wall Street Journal. 1993. June 14.
  34. Cowell A. Turkish Leader to Press U.S. on Iraq Embargo // The New York Times. 1993. Oct. 14.
  35. Friedman S.U.S. Praises Turkey, Gives It Jet Fighters: Christopher welcomes ‘new relationship’ in talks // San Francisco Chronicle. 1993. June 14.
  36. In Central Asia, New Alliances Shift the Balance, Turkey Looks to West // The New York Times. 1993. Nov. 9.
Received: 
11.12.2010
Accepted: 
02.03.2011
Published: 
31.05.2011