национальная политика

The article attempts to analyze the dynamics of changes in the national composition of the Russian Federation over the past thirty years. It is argued that the results of the third All-Russian Population Census in 2020 objectively reflect the main trends in the transformation of the national structure of the Russian Federation. The conclusion about the crisis of national identity, complicating the development of the country, is substantiated.

The article attempts to refute the widespread opinion in historiography that the form of organization of the USSR, consisting of ethnoterritorial formations of different status, was one of the main factors in the collapse of a single state. It is argued that the idea of federalization of Russia did not belong to the Bolsheviks, but to national parties and movements that demanded recognition of their right to national-territorial autonomy.

The article examines the constitutional policy of the Soviet state in relation to the autonomous republic of Volga Germans that existed in 1924–1941 as part of the RSFSR, shows this policy as an integral part of the general national-state policy towards national minorities, to whom the Bolshevik government was granted a certain form of statehood. The characteristic of the two constitutions of the Non–Republic of 1926 and 1937 is given – as octroated, i.e. granted from above and therefore contained as much independence as allowed by the center.

The article deals with the problems of relations between the Russian government and the Armenian Apostolic Church at the end of the XIX-beginning of the XX centuries. The adoption of the law of June 12, 1903 by Prince G. S. Golitsyn on the seizure of church property of the AAC. The negative consequences of this law on the affairs of the Armenian church in the city of Nakhichevan-on-Don, followed by problems in parochial schools are traced. 

The article highlights the process of “indigenization” as an element of Soviet national policy. The research has been conducted on the example of Autonomous Republic of the Volga Germans. The “indigenization” was an element of Soviet national policy in 1920s, accomplished in all the nation-state formations of the USSR both Union and autonomous. The “indigenization” was supposed to consolidate the position of “titular” nation, but also caused a whole new set of problems in interethnic relations.

Статья посвящена анализу предпосылок, основных движущих сил, итогов и последствий создания  Горской Автономной советской социалистической республики в 1921 г. В статье указано, что данное государственное образование было первым опытом советского варианта горского интегризма. Данная идея была популярна как у прокоммунистических, так и антибольшевистских националистических сил. Тем самым, созданием Горской АССР Москва стремилась перехватить пропагандистские козыри у своих все еще влиятельных оппонентов в кругах горской интеллигенции.

В статье исследуются основные аспекты советской национальной политики, направленной на установление и укрепление межэтнического доверия между народами бывшей Российской империи. Анализируется альтернативный проект элит титульных этносов национальных республик, стремящихся к перераспределению ресурсов в свою пользу и ограничению прав национальных меньшинств на самоопределение и самореализацию. Делается вывод о решающей роли политического этнонационализма   в реализации своего проекта развала Союза ССР.