Having come to power, the Bolsheviks along with socio-economic, political, state and legal transformations began cultural and educational changes. The paper attempts to consider the formation of Soviet culture and education in the Russian province using the example and materials of one of the uyezds of Saratov gubernia. The author comes to the conclusion that the undertakings of the uyezd authorities in this sphere of public life were not well thought out and organized. Their distinctive feature both in an uyezd town itself and in the surrounding hamlets and villages was strict command and administrative methods of work of local Soviet and party workers many of whom were completely incompetent in this sphere.