Rome

The article analyzes the First Philippic against Mark Antony as a source that reveals both certain biographical circumstances in the life of Cicero, and his ideas and ideals related to the behavior of a politician. An analysis of the First Philippic as a political action, similar to the one that Cicero performed at the beginning of his career in his speech “Pro Roscio Amerino”, allows us to consider his relationship with Mark Antony in dynamics and to find out how the Philippics correlate with Cicero‘s ideas about politics accredited.

The article deals withthe problem of amicitia Caesaris et populi Romani relations in Olbia, where the title σεβαστόγνωστος is fixed in honorary decrees, which can be translated as “familiar with the Augusti” or “known to the Augusti”. Based on the analysis of epigraphic and onomastic evidences, it is concluded that the title σεβαστόγνωστος goes back to a member of the new Olbian aristocracy, who rose to prominence during the “rebirth” of the city in the middle of the 1st century AD.

The article examines the image of the Egyptian queen Cleopatra VII, formed in European culture. It shows the role of the ancient tradition (Plutarch first of all) in the formation of the main features of this image, the importance of the iconic literary works of W. Shakespeare and B. Shaw for its development, and then its development in the cinema up to the beginning of the 21st century.