Hamburg

The article examines the relationship between France and Hamburg in the early 19th century, the experience of E. Mortier’s first occupation of the free city-state, as well as methods of circumventing the continental blockade regime of Napoleon Bonaparte by Hamburg residents. The conclusion is made about the natural flourishing of smuggling among the poor of Hamburg against the background of the ruinous policy of Napoleonic Paris in relation to the free city-state.

This article examines the history of the liberation of General L. L. Bennigsen in the spring of 1814 the city-state of Hamburg from soldiers of the Great Army of Napoleon. After a grueling, almost year-long occupation of a crowded city that has survived the destruction of entire districts, the looting of a local bank, the expulsion of part of the local population from the city, an epidemic of typhus, which claimed the lives of several thousand people, the citizens welcomed the Allied Coalition Forces in the vicinity of their city again.