The article is devoted to the analysis of the complex and contradictory process of the migration of the soviet people in 1944-1953 within the territory of the Crimea and the Northern Caucasus, where the crimean tatars, chechens, ingushs, karachais, balkars and other ethnic groups were deported from. Also, the process of the migrants’ return from the post depositional territories is studied. The author makes a conclusion about the radical change of national structure in the Crimea and Northern Caucasus after the war.