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The article gives the analysis of moral state of society, increased self-consciousness of the  nation-winner, ideological campaigns and relations between the state and the church in the region, commitment of the party and public administration to former methods of government on the basis of archive documents and local periodicals.

The main directions and characteristics of the Soviet State national-linguistic policy in the second half of 1940s - the middle of the 1980s are analyzed in the article. The conclusion about the priority development of the Russian language and its' role in the formation and shaping of the Soviet nation as a qualitively new historical community is made. The specificity of the interaction between the Russian language and the languages of the USSR peoples in the post-war period is studied.

The article analyzes the specifics of the process of dismantling the Union state and the Soviet mechanism of interethnic interaction. The events associated with the birth of a new geopolitical reality in the former Soviet Union are studied. The sources of future conflicts in the emerging post-Soviet space are studied. The conclusion about the mobilizing value of ethno-nationalism as the main driving force in the disintegration of a single state is made.