CENSUS

Of great importance in the economic activities of the zemstvos was statistical work on determining the socio-economic condition of peasant households, which were the basis of the country’s productive forces. Zemstvo statisticians independently developed and improved the methodology for conducting them. L. S. Lichkov, who was one of the first to join the ranks of Zemstvo statisticians, made his contribution to it.

Article is devoted a statistics problem Old believers. The author investigates government measures in this direction and answers thorny questions: what advantages and lacks why the statistics has not given desirable results at spent censuses of conservatives were. Also in article light is shed changes of number of supporters of old belief in the Kazan province in XIX and the beginning XX centuries, the old believe centres in province and on many other things.

The materials of zemstvo statistics are a valuable source on the history of the Russian village in the period after the reform. Zemstvo statisti- cians did a colossal work connected with the study of socioeconomic status of peasant households of the country. The most effective meth- od of acquiring primary statistical data was a total house-to-house census of peasant households which was conducted in zemstvo gubernias in the 80th of the XIXth century. The article deals with the mechanism of its conduction and the results.  

Zemstvo officials occupied a prominent place in the social life of Russia in the post-reform period. Many of them participated in the populist movement in the 1870s, but for various reasons they left it and devoted themselves entirely to the zemstvo service, the reby obtaining the opportunity to legally study the way of life, culture, labour activities of peasants and to defend their interests before the landlords, gubernia and uyezd administrations. N. F. Annensky was one of these devotees.